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Solve LeetCode 3 Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters in C++ using the sliding window

Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters in C++ LeetCode 3 · sliding window · last index array Table of Contents Problem Statement Approach Algorithm C++ Program Input Sample Output Output Explanation Dry Run Flow of Execution Time Complexity Space Complexity Applications Key Points Interview Questions Frequently Asked Questions Conclusion Problem Statement 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters Given a string s , find the length of the longest substring that contains no repeating characters. A substring is a continuous part of the string, so "pwke" is a subsequence of "pwwkew" but not a substring. Approach We use a sliding window . The window is the part of the string between start and end , and we always keep it free of repeated characters. An array lastIndex of size 128 remembers the most recent position of every ASCII ...
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C Triangle Pattern Programs 9: Star, Number, Alphabet & Binary Patterns with Output

⭐ C Program to Print Star Diamond Pattern

📄 Source Code: 
#include<stdio.h>

int main( )
{
    int num;

    printf("Enter the number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&num);

    for(int i=num;i>=1;i--)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("* ");
        }

        printf("\n");
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("* ");
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
    
}
💻 Expected Output (Input: 5): 
Enter the number:
5
  * * * * *
    * * * *
      * * *
        * *
          *
          *
        * *
      * * *
    * * * *
  * * * * *

🔢 C Program to Print Repeated Binary Diamond Pattern

📄 Source Code: 
#include<stdio.h>

int main( )
{
    int num;

    printf("Enter the number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&num);

    for(int i=num;i>=1;i--)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",i%2);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",i%2);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
    
}
💻 Expected Output (Input: 5): 
Enter the number:
5
  1 1 1 1 1
    0 0 0 0
      1 1 1
        0 0
          1
          1
        0 0
      1 1 1
    0 0 0 0
  1 1 1 1 1

🔢 C Program to Print Binary Diamond Pattern

📄 Source Code: 
#include<stdio.h>

int main( )
{
    int num;

    printf("Enter the number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&num);

    for(int i=num;i>=1;i--)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",j%2);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",j%2);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
    
}
💻 Expected Output (Input: 5): 
Enter the number:
5
  1 0 1 0 1
    1 0 1 0
      1 0 1
        1 0
          1
          1
        1 0
      1 0 1
    1 0 1 0
  1 0 1 0 1

🔤 C Program to Print Repeated Alphabet Diamond Pattern

📄 Source Code: 
#include<stdio.h>

int main( )
{
    int num;

    printf("Enter the number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&num);

    for(int i=num;i>=1;i--)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%c ",i+64);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%c ",i+64);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
    
}
💻 Expected Output (Input: 5): 
Enter the number:
5
  E E E E E
    D D D D
      C C C
        B B
          A
          A
        B B
      C C C
    D D D D
  E E E E E

🔤 C Program to Print Alphabet Diamond Pattern

📄 Source Code: 
#include<stdio.h>

int main( )
{
    int num;

    printf("Enter the number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&num);

    for(int i=num;i>=1;i--)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%c ",j+64);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%c ",j+64);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
    
}
💻 Expected Output (Input: 5): 
Enter the number:
5
  A B C D E
    A B C D
      A B C
        A B
          A
          A
        A B
      A B C
    A B C D
  A B C D E

🔢 C Program to Print Repeated Number Diamond Pattern

📄 Source Code: 
#include<stdio.h>

int main( )
{
    int num;

    printf("Enter the number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&num);

    for(int i=num;i>=1;i--)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",i);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",i);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
    
}
💻 Expected Output (Input: 5): 
Enter the number:
5
  5 5 5 5 5
    4 4 4 4
      3 3 3
        2 2
          1
          1
        2 2
      3 3 3
    4 4 4 4
  5 5 5 5 5

🔢 C Program to Print Number Diamond Pattern

📄 Source Code: 
#include<stdio.h>

int main( )
{
    int num;

    printf("Enter the number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&num);

    for(int i=num;i>=1;i--)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",j);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",j);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
    
}
💻 Expected Output (Input: 5): 
Enter the number:
5
  1 2 3 4 5
    1 2 3 4
      1 2 3
        1 2
          1
          1
        1 2
      1 2 3
    1 2 3 4
  1 2 3 4 5

🔢 C Program to Print Continuous Number Diamond Pattern

📄 Source Code: 
#include<stdio.h>

int main( )
{
    int num,z=0;

    printf("Enter the number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&num);

    for(int i=num;i>=1;i--)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",z++);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
    {
        for(int k=num;k>=i;k--)
        {
            printf("  ");
        }

        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",z++);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
    
}
💻 Expected Output (Input: 5): 
Enter the number:
5
  0 1 2 3 4
    5 6 7 8
      9 10 11
        12 13
          14
          15
        16 17
      18 19 20
    21 22 23 24
  25 26 27 28 29
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